14 folios. 22-23 x 33.5-35.5 cm. 1 column, 11 lines. Dark, faded, or damaged in some other way (partly or entirely) ff: 1, 3', 4", 5", 6, 7", 9, 1 V, 13, 14.
Ca. 1460-1486. Large initials: 1) red (vermilion), and 2) deep blue. Small initials highlighted with red. Script and notation are workmanlike and written with a balanced ductus. Quadratic notation on a red four-line staff (16.5-17.5 mm, ruled with a rastrum), custos, linea, b rotundum. The foliation runs in "opening signatures" (see p. 161): red small letter in the middle of the head of the v side, a corresponding red roman numeral on the r side. The sequence of foliation suggests that at least some units of the temporale and the sanctorale were located by setting them overlap each other. Photograph off. 12 in I of IV:2 p. 177. Bears a strong stylistic resemblance to Antiphoner No. 156, for instance. See the remark accompanying the description of Antiphoner No. 173. SRA KA Västergötlands handlingar 1584:9:1 (one leafifoliation on the recto: ix, on the verso: d, iucl. annuntiationis Mariae and feria v in coena Domini) is perhaps from the same manuscript. SRA KA Finska Cameralia 48 "Christiern Philipssons [...] 1610"(one leaf, iucl. Mariae Magdalenaej fits between our ff. 7 and 8.
ANTIPHONARIUM, "St. Catherine Manuscript". Dominicanum- Aboense, see the review accompanying the description of Antiphoner No. 173.The offices of St. Helen of Skövde (31st ofjuly) and St. Dominic (5th of August) are "missing" from between St. Olaf (29th ofjuly) and Lawrence (10th of August). See the remark accompanying the description of Antiphoner No. 156. On the basis of the St. Catherine office the date must be ca. 1460-ca. 1486.
F. 1 (= [b] uiijr - b [ix]") [In epiphania Domini] beginning [Glo]ria Reges, the catchwords of the 3rd resp. of the I nocturn, [Reges Tharsis V Onmes], and ending in the 2nd ant. of the III noct., [Adorate Dominium. Only the psalm incipit and the differentia are missing. F. 2 (= [c] iiijr-c [v]") [Henrici episcopi et martyris| beginning with the 1st resp. of the III noct., Preclari patris V Nunc, and ending in the 5th ant. at lauds, Dum deuotis. *& Analecta hymnica XXVI1897 No. 32. E 3 (= [e] ij' - e [iij]") [Feria vj in parasceve] beginning et iudas of the 3rd resp. of the II noct., [Barrabas latro] V Ecce, and ending est, the third word of the verse of the 2nd resp. of the III noct., Ihesiim tradidit V Et ingressus. F. 4 (= [g] ijr - g [iij]") [In die pentecostes] beginning [repen]te de celo of the 1st resp. at matins, [Dum complerentur VDum], and ending alle[luya\, the closing word of the 5th ant. at lauds, Loquebaiitur varijs Unguis. F. 5 (= [h] uiij' - h [ix]') [Johannis Baptistae] beginning [gen]cium ut of the 2nd ant. of the III noct., [Formans me], and ending bibet et of the 3rd ant. at lauds. Johannes est nomen.
Ff. 6-7 (= [h x]'- h [ij]") [Petri et Pauli apostolorum] beginning obumbraret of the 1st ant. of the I noct., [/;; plateis ponebantur], and ending with the opening word of the 2nd resp. of the II noct., Tu [es pastor].
F. 8 (= [k] iiij'- k [v]") [Olavi regis et martyris] beginning illicprecones of the 1st ant. of the I noct., [Regnante illustrissiiiio], and ending with the first word of the verse in the 3rd resp. of the same nocturn, Iustus vero V Offe[rebaf]. Ff. 9-10 (= [k] uij' - [k ix]') [Idem] beginning with the first word of the 2nd resp. of the III noct., [Egre]gius V In amiiiiracione; Sancti laurencij martiris ending fiaculta[tes] of the ant. ad Magnificat at I vespers, Beatus laurencius dam. F 11 (= [m] ]'- m [ij]") [Nativitatis Mariae) beginning sacra of the 2nd resp. of the III noct., [Corde et aninio] V Cum iocunditate, and endinggenitrix, the fourth word of the ant. ad Magnificat at II vespers, Natiuitas tint dei.
F. 12 (= [n] uiij'- n [ix]") [Catharinae virginis] beginning with the differentia of the 3rd ant. of the III noct., and ending meant of the 3rd ant. at lauds, Expecto pro te. Analecta hymnica XXVI1897 No. 69, to which our 2nd resp. of the III noct. (Aule celestis V Cumque) is foreign. Every responsory lacks notation although the staff is ruled. Beside this, small initials are incomplete, so the manuscript was left unfinished.
Two traditions of St. Catherine offices seem to have been rooted in the (extant) Finnish source material of medieval liturgical books. Both can be interpreted as variant readings for the office Virginis eximiae Catharinae, which occurs here as well. The majority of sources, at least ten, represent the type that can be found in the Dominican breviary.The only real proper chant in it is the 3rd responsory of each nocturn, as is apparent in Antiphoner No. 203 f. 15 (Aboense 16th c'") or in whole codices TMATtkad Gu 1:3 ff. U4'-116' (Aboense 15th c""') and HUL Aö II 29 ff. 136M37' (Aboense 16th c""'rf).The antiphons and other great responsories were taken from the common of saints. Rubrics in the manuscript AAB havd. D 71/161 f. 243 (Aboense turn of the 15th and 16th cc) prove this clearly. They refer to the office of St. Margaret (ff. 177'-180r), it is true, but that is simply the representative of common chants for one virgin, commune unius virginis.
The series of nocturnal antiphons and responsories occurs in complete form in subdivisions of the other tradition. The most interesting of these is here in Antiphoner No. 157, in spite of the fragmentary state of the source. The construction of a new variant seems to be in progress, indicated by an otherwise unknown responsory text Aule celestis V Cumque and by the copy being unfinished. Another subdivision can be found in F.m. Ill No. 156 f. 2 (a fragment of a breviary, according to Dr. Haapanen of Finnish origin from the 14th or 15th c), and the third is in Antiphoner No. 124 ff. 14-15 (14th or 15th c), even though its provenance is uncertain. All three subdivisions are different in their order, but they come close to Swedish secular variants of the office. In the main these variants consist of the same antiphons and great responsories (see the printed breviaries of Uppsala, Linköping,Västerås and Skara, for example).
The discovery of this responsory supports an earlier claim of the present writer: the cult of St. Catherine of Alexandria gained strength in two separate phases in the diocese of Abo, for the first time in the latter half of the 14th century, then in the latter half of the 15th. Bishop Johannes III Westphal (1370-1385) was actively involved in this development. He laid the foundations of the choir of St. Catherine in Åbo cathedral, and enriched its prebend, for example, by attaching a landed estate to it.JuusTEN 1988 pp. 56-57, Rinne 1948 p. 30, Palola 1997 p. 195. The altar and the prebend were established earlier, it is true (in the 1350s, Rinne 1948 p. 24), but this, too, was an act by Johannes. The bishop is said to have been the earliest principal of the altar as well, even being buried under that choir. - Jaakkola 1944 p. 303 refers to the possibility that the altar was founded no earlier than bishop Johannes lis incumbency 1367-1370.
According to Rinne 1948 p. 32 the altar was moved to the new-built choir on the 25th of November 1380. On this occasion the liturgical rank seems to have risen from semidiiplex to duplex, see Malin 1925 pp. 170-171 (Kal. Uusikirkko and Kal. A). The Rule of the cathedral sexton of Abo (ca. 1474-1486) offers us a contemporary evidence about the totum duplex rank of the feast (Officium custodis ecclesiaeAboensis, on the date see Pirinen 1956 p. 129). It contains an enumeration of those morning masses to which the people were invited by the largest bell: both feasts of St. Henry, Dedication of the Church (i.e. Dedication of Abo cathedral), Assumption, Nativity, Immaculate Conception and Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin, Corpus Christi, St. Catherine and All Saints. Finlands medeltidsurkunder IV 1924 No. 3632.The change in rank must have taken place after the calendars Kal. 1459 and Kal. G were written out (described in Malin 1925 p. 112-113,1 19-120 and 171),because they still give the rank as duplex. Thus we are able to suggest a date for our fragment: ca. 1460 - ca. 1486.
Jaakkola 1950 p. 318 puts the growth of the St. Catherine cult into the time of bishop Magnus II 1412-1450, but according to Malin 1925 reliable arguments for the assignment are difficult to find. (The knight Tord Bonde is known to have founded the joint prebend of John the Evangelist and St. Catherine, atViborg (R) in 1415. It was amended by king Karl VIII Knutsson as late as 1449. Finlands medeltidsurkunder II 1915 No. 1454, Finlands medeltidsurkunder III 1921 No. 2791. Cf. Juusten 1988 p. 59.)
Finally, we must point out that a cantio in honour of St. Catherine, previously unknown in Finnish manuscript sources, was "discovered" in 1996 by the present writer.The piece is a rare one, Nunc festum celebremus. It appears in TMA Ttkad Gu 1:5 ff. 178"-179r (on the final leaves, written later than the body of the codex, without music). It does not belong to the printed Piae cantiones repertory, i.e. the Finnish-Swedish school song tradition of the 16th - 19th centuries, mainly dating back to the Catholic era. See Norlind 1909 pp. 61-64. An adequate text is published by Dreves in his series Analecta hymnica 11886 No. 39, but it represents a variant reading. - See as well F.m. I No. 100 f. 8 (missal of the 13th or 14th c, provenance undetermined), containing the sequence Gloriose virginis votitia for St. Catherine.
Concerning the cult of St. Catherine in Sweden see Schmid 1959-1965 Efterskrift pp. 17-18. Concerning her cult at the beginning of the Dominican tradition see Dirks 1983 pp. 144-145.
F. 13 [Commune unius confessoris| beginning [im>e]nerit of the 2nd ant. at lauds, [Beatus ille servus]; In communi vnius virginis ending in the rubric of the ant. ad Magnificat.
F. 14 [Idem] continuing mea regi of the 3rd resp. of the III noct., [Regnuni mundi V Eructavif], and ending in the ant. ad Magnificat at II vespers, Accinxitfiortitudine.
Three headlines on f 6.
F. 1' Pen trials, e.g. "Min gudh min gudh sade Christus tå". These are the opening words of a Lutheran chorale, Schalin 1946 p. 89. F.2" 1880"Pijke Heredz Jordebook 1629". "Finland N: 3". o F. 3' Cf. 2865."[Å]hrlige Renthan [a]If 8tte SocknerVp på Ålandh anno etc 1611." F. 4' 6696 "Ahrlige Renttan Skatte och Mantals Boken Preste och Odis Lengdh sampt Breff och quittentier AffRandasalmTaffwisalm och Seminge Sochner vdi Nyslotz Lhän Pro Anno 1603". F. 5' 1885 "Hans Håkanssons Rekenskap aff Halickä Häredhe för åhr 1630". "Finland 1630 No 17". F. 6' Probably the same as No. 1884, which includes documents of Piikkis from 1630. "Claus Hanson[s] [...]". On the upper part of the page there is another headline, too, but it cannot be deciphered. Clas Hansson was the bailiff of Piikkis 1629-1631. Almquist 1919-1922 p. 4(18. F. 6" 1869 "Jorde Boocken aff Pijckiöö Häradt pro Anno 1627." F. 7" Cf. 1737. "Hans Pederssons Reckenskap För [...] Pikie [...] Åhr etc 1611". "Finland 1611 No 14". F. 8' 5862 "Ährlige Rentan AffEurapä Heredt sampt Förseglade Ode För åhr etc 1605"."Finns här Innbundna Copier af Bref och Zedlar sampt quitenzier". F.9" 5884"Hendrich Nilsons Rekenskap [...] Wiborgz Lhän [...] 1607". "Finland 1607 No 23". F. 10' 6705"Manttal, FörtärningzVtspisningz sampt Löningz Registere på Nyslåt ifrå Johannis 604 til Johannis. 1605."There has been another record on this page as well, rather long one and written in cursive hand, but it is nearly invisible because of erasure. F. 11' 1822 "Simon Hinricksons Reckenskap För Pijkie Häredt vthi Söder fin[...] Anno 1621". "Finland 1621 No 11". F. 12' 1403 "Tijendhe Register aff Halicho, och Pijckie Häredtt Pro Anno etc 1582". F. 13'Cf. 2771 ."Fateburs Rekenskap oppå Castillholms SlåttAnno 1567". F. 14'2787 "Inuennttarium oppå Castelholmz Slätt pro Anno etc 68".
Lit.: Krohn 1921 pi. 137 (colour reproduction off. 2'); Maliniemi s.a. p. 41 ("Ant. III.", according to this writer the fragment includes only six leaves); Idem 1963 p. 23 (b/w reproduction of f. 20; Taitto 1998 (a) p. 100 (b/w reproduction off. 12').
DATE: Ca. 1460-1486 (Taitto 1998); ca. 1460-1475 (Keskiaho 2010). ORIGIN: Probably Nådendal (Taitto 1998); Diocese of Åbo, probably Nådendal (Keskiaho 2010). OTHER NOTES: From same codex: CCM Ant 99 (Stockholm, Riksarkivet: Kammararkivet Fr 20274 KB A 103 k 118; Fr 20275 Finska cameralia 88:2:5 Kvittenser 1610; Fr 20276 Finska cameralia 84:1:5 Mats Bertilssons tullräk för Viborg 1608; Fr 20277 Finska cameralia 84:1:6 Tullängd för Viborg 1605; Fr 20278 Obestämd arkivalisk proveniens 182 Christiern Philipssons räk för tull i Åbo 1611; 5 fr., 5 fol.), MPO Fr 1385 (Kammararkivet, Västergötlands handlingar 1584:9:1; 1 fr.,1 fol.); also suggested: Turku, Turun maakunta-arkisto, Ms. c (1 fol., uncatalogued; see also F.m. IV.156); MPO Codex 1505 (see also F.m. IV.156; Kammararkivet Fr 8994 Beställningsregister 3:1 1594; Fr 10370 Finska Cameralia 48:7 1610; Fr 10406 Finska cameralia 71:2 1608; Fr 10407 Finska cameralia 71:3 1612; Fr 10437 Grev- och friherreskap 4 Kajana 1650; 5 fr., 5 fol.). See also: F.m. II.90, II.115, II.117, II.118, II.120, II.121, III.180, IV.138, IV.156, IV.160, IV.170, IV.173, VII.65, VII.78, VII.132; Helsinki, National Library, Codex Aö.II.55 & Aö.II.29 fol. "b IV - b VIII"; Helsinki, Finnish Literature Society, The Literary Archives, uncatalogued fragments "a", "b"; Turku, Turun maakunta-arkisto Ms. b (= F.m. II.120); CCM Ant 140 (= F.m. IV.160); CCM Ant 242 (= F.m. IV.173); CCM Gr 16 (= F.m. II.118), CCM Hy 49 (see F.m. IV.173), CCM Sequ 186 (see F.m. II.118), MPO Codex 1160 (Kammararkivet Fr 7856 Varuhus och handling 57:2 Stockholm 1607; Fr 8259 Baltiska fogderäkenskaper 111:2 F 390 Pernau 1605; 2 fr., 4 fol.).