3 folios. Written space 12.5-13 x 22-23 cm. 1 column, 16 lines (a line means here: a staff and a line of script). Inner edge off. 1 has been cut out. Parchment is thinner than usual.
12th c. Large initials: 1) red, 2) ultramarine, and 3) violet (royal purple). Small initials in text ink.The script represents continentalprotogothic minuscule ("littera minusculaprotogothica textualis librariaformata"). Early quadratic notation on a red four-line staff (6-10 mm), includes many neume-like signs. The style of notation can be associated with the 12thcentury schools of central and northern France and England, see e.g. Stäblein 1975 pp. 156-157. B rotundum, among others, used as a clef. Photograph off. 3'on p. 7 of our Volume IV:2.
Cf Gjerlöw 1979 pp. 63-64 and pi. 20 (Oslo, RA Lat.fragm. 915), in which the notation is similar and which Dr. Gjerlöw thinks dates back to the third quarter of the 12th century. The Swedish National Archives (SRA) preserve many remnants of liturgical manuscripts with similar stylistic features. The series Stockholm, SRA KA KB Theol. A 103 k cxxxj-cxxxiv, cxxxvij (nine folios, incl. dom. I adv., Nicolai ep., conversionis Pauli ap., Johannis Bapt., ad vincula Petri, in exaltatione sanctae cruris, Michaelis archangeli and Martini ep.), transferred from the Royal Library in Stockholm, is worth mentioning among these. It may even originate from the same manuscript as ourfragment. The documents bound up in these wrappers are from 1561-1564. See also Schmid 1964 (a) pp. 182-185. Gjerjöw op. cit. p. 253. The notation of the breviary Helsinki, HUL Fragmenta membranea (Em.) Ill No. 12 is identical with that of this fragment.
ANTIPHONARIUM.English ? (translatio Benedictijranslatio ? Swithuni, see the description below).
Compare the aforementioned breviary Em. Ill No. 12. According to the late Dr. Haapanen the origin of the latter is possibly northern French (inch Wandregesilus, Sampson, Audoenus). Note also that the date assigned by Haapanen is 12(-13)th cc.A geographical determination by the same scholar might have its basis in the continental type of script, but according to Brown 1990 p. 74 this kind of writing appeared on both sides of the Channel.
In our fragment the office of St. Swithun could belong to his dies natalis, the 2nd of July, as well. In that case the order of ff. 2 and 3 should be reversed. Since the sewing holes, however, suggest the sequence proposed here, this fragment may originate from a manuscript produced at Winchester.
Concerning the cult of St. Swithun in Sweden see Johansson 1956 pp. 23-24,26-27,116-118. On p. 24 Johansson remarks that the observance of St. Swithun does not make the provenance English, because the saint was also venerated in northern France, especially in Normandy. In Toy's opinion, 1981 p. 336, the cult of St. Swithun was rather uncommon in France in the 12th century. Johansson writes that St. Swithun was honoured in the Skara liturgy until the beginning of the 14th century, idem p. 116. - For English contributions to the conversion of Scandinavia see Godfrey 1962 pp. 350-361. For the English influence on the early missionary period of Finland see Malin 1925 pp. 178-181. Taitto 2001 deals with the extant sources in the HUL including items for British saints.
E 1 [Feria v in coena Domini] beginning with the last resp. of the I nocturn, [Ecce vidimus] Were (Paléographie muskale 1922 p. 62), but the passage cannot be identified because of the fragmentary state of the leaf. Ends in the 1st ant. of the III noct., Dixi iniquis nolite. "3° Five responsories are given for the II noct. Note the last one, Magistrum iuda osculo t'Melius, which is not found in Hesbert 1970. F. 2 [Translationis sive commemorationis Benedicti] beginning predicare presens of the last resp. of the II noct., [Sanctus pater] V Regiose, and ending regulam in te of the 4th ant. at lauds, Reddite transgresoribus (sic). "3° The 4th resp. of the III noct. is Piter fluctum V Elongatus (the staff lacks the notation). In Analecta hymnica XXV 1897, p. 146, this is a chant from a rhymed office in the monastic tradition. The office in our fragment hardly represents a monastic Ms. because the 3rd resp. includes a doxology. Gjerlöw 1979 pp. 167-171.
The antiphons of the III noct. are: Per uisum dominus, Surgens ergo sacerdos and Exinde cepit. The responsories are: Quam pulchra V Quoniam, Mundi contemptor V Sic, Criste ihesu V Antique and Piter fluctum V Elongatus. The doxology of the 3rd resp. is followed by a melodically free verse V Ut cruciatus (provided with musical notation),but the catchwords Et ob[...] after it do not agree with the respond. According to the printed breviary of Nidaros 1519 f kk j', a verse with the same text could be associated with the respond Ofelix Benedicte. That respond is parallel with the catchwords.
The antiphons at lauds are metrical and rhymed: Dei repletus gratia, Carnis domat superbiam, Doctorfuit mirabilis, Reddite transgresoribus (sic). Cf. Brcviariutn Nidrosiense 1519 ff. ii viijr - kk ijr.
Gjerlöw asserts, op.cit. p. 167, that apart from English monastic sources this office is not encountered anywhere other than in the secular breviary of Nidaros. She gives the reader to understand that the only source with musical notation is the Peterborough antiphoner (monastic, Cambridge, Magdalene College MS F.4.10), copied ca. 1300. Our Antiphoner No. 1 thus seems to have been unknown to her.
In the Fragmenta membranea collection there is an uncatalogued fragment containing the same St. Benedict office, with musical notation. This source of 15 leaves seems to be of the same age as the Peterborough antiphoner, and has the special feature that the masses and hours appear by turns. The fragment is also noteworthy because it gives an office for St. Alban and another for St. Aetheldreda (described briefly in Taitto 1992 (b), but the date assigned to the source, first half of the 13th c, is too early). These two readings of the St. Benedict office in the Helsinki University Library differ from each other. F. 3 [Translationis ? Swithuni] beginning with the 4th ant. at I vespers, but the passage cannot be identified because of the defective state of the leaf.Ends Mul[...], the opening syllable of the 3rd ant. of the II noct. ¦*" The antiphons at matins (proper chants) are written in rhymed form.The great responsories of the I noct. are from the common of saints, cf. Gjerlöw 1979 p. 143. Contents, I vespers: ant. [...]uminare et demones, ant. [...]uiabunt multi, resp. Sancte swithune confesor (sic) (tsa), h. Iste confessor (tsa), vevs.fustum deduxit (tea), ant. ad Magn. Sacerdos dei indite. Matins: inv. Regem regum ueneremur, the I nocturn: ant. Cvm revelaret dominus, ant. Nam pater idiem, ant. Perge inquit ac, vers. Amauit (tea), resp. O qvam ammirabilis VLaudibus, resp. Ecce uere israhelitaVStatuit, resp. Gloriosus uir V O uerum, the II nocturn: ant. Post hec elapso, ant. Ceci uisum recipiunt, ant. Mul[...].
Schmid 1964 (a), especially pp. 187-190; Gjerlöw 1978 pp. 112-117; Toy 1983 pp. 92,100 (our fragment is not included in his list).
The cameral headline on f. 2" implies a (secondary) provenance in Sweden. Two headlines on bif. 2/3.
F. l'"Wår Gudh wår gudt är oss en wäldig borgh han är wår sköldh wår". Handwriting typical of the 16th c. These are the opening words of a well-known Lutheran chorale. Schalin 1946 p. 95; Kurvinen 1929 pp. 260-261. F. 2" "Bärnhard Rustemestares Rechenskap for Kongliigz Maiestaz RusthCamar på Stocholms slodt anno 62 och 63".
F. 3" 3353 "Lasse matzsons för Raseborgz Copie och quittencie register pro anno etc 1574".
Lit.: Taiiio 1992 (c) pp. 32. 501; Lam io 2i)iil (b/w reproduction ot'the whole fragment on PP. 12-17).
DATE: saec. xii 2/2 suggested (MPO). LITURGICAL USE: Probably England; Northern France also suggested. ORIGIN: England or Northern France (MPO). Added according to liturgical use. OTHER NOTES: From the same codex: OTHER NOTES: From same codex: Probably MPO Codex 822 = CCM Ant 86? = CCM Ant 203? (Stockholm, Riksarkivet: Fr 20241 KB A 103 k 131 Inventarium f stora arkliet 1564; Fr 20242 KB A 103 k 132; Fr 20243 KB A 103 k 133 Löningsregister f Mats Botvidssons fänika fr Dalarna 1564; Fr 20244 KB A 103 k 134 Sten Bures rest-räk f Gästrikland 1561; Fr 20245 KB A 103 k 137 Inventarium f rustkammaren efter kung Gustav 1564; --, --: Kammararkivet Fr 2893 Västerbottens handlingar 1563:2:4; Fr 6032 Smålands handlingar 1578:12:5; Fr 7794 Varuhus och handling 35:6 Stockholm 1564; Fr 20247 Smålands handlingar 1563:2:2 Fatbursräkenskap för Strömsrum; Fr 20248 Skeppsgårdshandlingar 9:8 1563 Räkenskap för Danska Hjorten; Fr 20249 Provianträkenskaper 1:12 Fälttåg sjötåg 1 1563 Nils Bröms räkenskap; Fr 20250 Provianträkenskaper 1:2 Fälttåg sjötåg 1 1561 Anders Hemmingssons r. f. hjälpgärd; Fr 20251 Varuhus och handling 34:2 Stockholms slott 1563 Levereransregister; Fr 20897 Östergötlands handlingar 1597:15:2 Årlig ränta; Fr 20898 Östergötlands handlingar 1597:15:3 Ryttare och knektar; Fr 20899 Östergötlands handlingar 1599:13 A:13 Tionde; --, --: Krigsarkivet Fr 20246 Militieräkenskaper 1563:46 Nils Pederssons drabanträkning; --, --: Slottsarkivet Fr 20252 Livrustkammaren 1:2 1563 2 Bärenn Rustmästares räk för KMs rustkammare; 18 fr., 36 fol.). See also: F.m. III.12; CCM Ant 52 (Riksarkivet Fr 20114 KB A 103 k 202; Fr 20115 KB A 103 k 203; 2 fr., 2 fol.), CCM Ant 117 (Kammararkivet Fr 20297 Västergötalands handlingar 1577:14 Skara domkyrka 1577; 1 fr., 2 fol.), CCM Ant 143 (see F.m. IV.2); MPO Fr 5882 (Kammararkivet, Smålands handlingar 1569:21:4, 1 fr., ); Oslo, Riksarkivet, Lat. fragm. 915.